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Germany–Hungary relations are the relations between Germany and Hungary, two member states of the European Union and the NATO. Both countries have a long shared history. Germany has an embassy in Budapest. Hungary has an embassy in Berlin, 2 general consulates (in Düsseldorf and Münich) and 9 honorary consulates (in Bremerhaven, Erfurt, Hamburg, Nürnberg, Schwerin, Dresden, Essen, Frankfurt and Stuttgart).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ungarische Missionen in Deutschland )〕 The Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Hungary on Friendly Cooperation and Partnership in Europe concluded in 1992 is one of the principal cornerstones of today’s bilateral relations.〔 Hungary set down an important marker for future bilateral relations on 10 September 1989 when it opened up its border with Austria to refugees from the former German Democratic Republic, thus making a special contribution towards German reunification and the political transformation in Central and Eastern Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bilateral relations - Hungary )〕 The 2009 celebrations commemorating those events are symbolic of German-Hungarian relations.〔 == Shared history == Arnulf I of Bavaria maintained an alliance with the Hungarians until his death in 899. During their campaigns following their conquest of the Carpathian Basin the Hungarians stopped neither at the river Morava nor at the western border of Pannonia, but penetrated deeply into the territory of Bavaria as far as the river Enns. During the battle of Pressburg on July 4, 907, a Bavarian army was defeated by the Hungarians.〔 The Battle of Lechfeld (10 August 955) was a decisive victory by Otto I the Great, King of the Germans, over the Hungarian leaders. The defeat effectively ended Magyar raids on the West.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Country Study: Hungary )〕 Fearing a war of extermination, Géza of Hungary (972-97) assured Otto II that the Hungarians had ceased their raids and asked him to send missionaries.〔 Otto complied, and in 975 Géza and a few of his kinsmen were baptized into the Roman Catholic Church.〔 Géza used German knights and his position as chief of the Hungarians' largest clan to restore strong central authority over the other clans.〔 Hungary's ties with the West were strengthened in 996 when Géza's son, Stephen I of Hungary married Princess Giselle of Bavaria, sister of Emperor Henry II.〔 On the eve of World War I a Munich archaeologist discovered her grave in the church of the Niedernburg convent — which has since become a place of pilgrimage for the Hungarian faithful. Transylvania was conquered and colonized with — besides Székely people — German Saxons in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.〔 In 1241-42 the Mongols reduced Hungary's towns and villages to ashes and slaughtered half the population.〔 Béla IV of Hungary repopulated the country with a wave of immigrants, transforming royal castles into towns and populating them with Germans, Italians, and Jews.〔 Hungarian kings were keen to settle Germans in the country's uninhabited territories.〔 Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor was from 1387 to 1437 also a King of Hungary. Although Hungary's economy continued to flourish, Sigismund's expenses outstripped his income.〔 Social turmoil erupted late in Sigismund's reign as a result of the heavier taxes.〔 Hungary's first peasant revolt was quickly checked, but it prompted Transylvania's Hungarian and German nobles to form the Union of Three Nations, which was an effort to defend their privileges against any power except that of the king.〔 In the 18th century, under Charles IV and Maria Theresa, Hungary experienced economic decline. Centuries of Ottoman occupation, rebellion, and war had reduced Hungary's population drastically, and large parts of the country's southern half were almost deserted. A labor shortage developed and the Habsburgs called among others German peasants to Hungary.〔 During World War I both countries were Central Powers, while during World War II the two were allies culminating in the German occupation of Hungary. Hungary's 1989 decision to open its borders with Austria to help East German refugees flee to West Germany was a key factor in preparing for the German reunification. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Germany–Hungary relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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